Higher Education Act - Revision history

Admin at 02:39, 5 July 2018

2018-07-05T02:39:41Z

Pklt292 at 18:48, 28 February 2018

2018-02-28T18:48:56Z

Morgannoel18 at 09:10, 22 October 2017

2017-10-22T09:10:39Z

Nicole: Created page with "The Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA) was enacted during the Great Society. This initial legislation embodied the spirit of its times: to promote equal opportunity for underp..."

2017-01-27T18:48:35Z

Created page with "The Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA) was enacted during the Great Society. This initial legislation embodied the spirit of its times: to promote equal opportunity for underp..."

New page

The Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA) was enacted during the Great Society. This initial legislation embodied the spirit of its times: to promote equal opportunity for underprivileged individuals. Since 1965, reauthorizations to this education legislation have occurred at least once per decade. The central focus of the HEA’s programs (and its subsequent amendments) has been to increase access and persistence in higher education. These major programs fall primarily into four categories: (1) student financial aid; (2) services to help students better prepare for, access, and succeed in education beyond high school; (3) aid to higher education institutions; and (4) aid to improve teacher training efforts in colleges and universities.

There are seven titles in the HEA that are up for reauthorization each time Congress amends the HEA: (1) Title I, General Provisions; (2) Title II, Teacher Quality Enhancement Grants; (3) Title III, Institutional Aid; (4) Title IV, Student Assistance; (5) Title V, Developing Institutions; (6) Title VI, International Education Programs; and (7) Title VII, Graduate and Postsecondary Improvement Programs. The nucleus of the HEA is the student aid programs that are authorized under Title IV including grant aid, loans, and work-study assistance. The Pell Grant program is the largest Title IV student aid program and is the largest governmental appropriation for students with need who want to pursue a higher education.

Congress primarily implements incremental changes to the HEA rather than sweeping, comprehensive changes. These marginal adjustments in the administration and funding of HEA programs, however, potentially impact a large number of students and institutions. In the 1970s, for example, the federal government was urged to expand support to a broader range of students. In the 1980s, the federal government increased institution-level accountability measures for student loan default rates through the HEA. Important financial aid–related policy changes enacted in reauthorization efforts in the 1990s included, but were not limited to, higher limits on loan borrowing, expanded eligibility for student-loan programs that increased the number of middle- and upper-income borrowers, and a reduction in interest rates for borrowers.

Each policy adjustment made in HEA reauthorizations triggers policy considerations for states and higher education institutions. The specific impact of even marginal adjustments to the HEA differs across states given their unique social, political, and economic contexts. If reauthorization trends of decreased federal government investment in need-based student grant aid and increased measures of accountability continue, states and institutions may face significant policy choices associated with funding postsecondary access and opportunities for disadvantaged students.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| '''BIBLIOGRAPHY:'''
James B. Stedman, ''The Higher Education Act: Reauthorization Status and Issues'' (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 2003); and Thomas R. Wolanin, ed., ''Reauthorizing the Higher Education Act: Issues and Options'' (Washington, DC: Institute for Higher Education Policy, 2003).
|}

==== Janet M. Holdsworth ====

SEE ALSO: [[Education]]; [[Great Society]]; [[Johnson, Lyndon B.]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-The Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA) was enacted during the Great Society, when the federal government simultaneously expanded its role in the K-12 sector with the passage of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. (See “ESEA” in this volume.) The HEA and the ESEA represented an unprecedented federal intervention into education, as both higher and K-12 education had historically been the domain of state policy.
+The Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA) was enacted during the [[Great Society]], when the federal government simultaneously expanded its role in the K-12 sector with the passage of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. (See “ESEA” in this volume.) The HEA and the ESEA represented an unprecedented federal intervention into education, as both higher and K-12 education had historically been the domain of state policy.
 The initial HEA legislation embodied the spirit of its times: to promote equal opportunity for underprivileged individuals. Since 1965, reauthorizations to this education legislation have occurred at least once per decade. The central focus of the HEA’s programs (and its subsequent amendments) has been to increase access and persistence in higher education, particularly for students from low-income families. The major programs fall primarily into four categories: (1) student financial aid; (2) services to help students better prepare for, access, and succeed in education beyond high school; (3) aid to higher education institutions; and (4) aid to improve teacher training efforts in colleges and universities.
@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 There are seven titles in the HEA that are up for reauthorization each time Congress amends the HEA: (1) Title I, General Provisions; (2) Title II, Teacher Quality Enhancement Grants; (3) Title III, Institutional Aid; (4) Title IV, Student Assistance; (5) Title V, Developing Institutions; (6) Title VI, International Education Programs; and (7) Title VII, Graduate and Postsecondary Improvement Programs. The nucleus of the HEA is the student aid programs that are authorized under Title IV including grant aid, loans, and work-study assistance. The Pell Grant program is the largest Title IV student aid program and is the largest governmental appropriation for students with need who want to pursue a higher education.
-Historically, Congress has implemented incremental modifications to the HEA rather than sweeping, comprehensive changes. These marginal adjustments in the administration and funding of HEA programs, however, impact a large number of students and institutions. In the 1970s, for example, the federal government was urged to expand support to a broader range of students. In the 1980s, the federal government increased institution-level accountability measures for student loan default rates through the HEA. Important financial aid–related policy changes enacted in reauthorization efforts in the 1990s included, but were not limited to, higher limits on loan borrowing, expanded eligibility for student-loan programs that increased the number of middle- and upper-income borrowers, and a reduction in interest rates for borrowers.
+Historically, Congress has implemented incremental modifications to the HEA rather than sweeping, comprehensive changes. These marginal adjustments in the administration and funding of HEA programs, however, impact a large number of students and institutions. In the 1970's, for example, the federal government was urged to expand support to a broader range of students. In the 1980's, the federal government increased institution-level accountability measures for student loan default rates through the HEA. Important financial aid–related policy changes enacted in reauthorization efforts in the 1990's included, but were not limited to, higher limits on loan borrowing, expanded eligibility for student-loan programs that increased the number of middle- and upper-income borrowers, and a reduction in interest rates for borrowers.
 In 2006, the Commission on the Future of Higher Education (created by US Education Secretary Margaret Spellings and often referred to as simply the “Spellings Commission”), released its findings. Their report—which received extensive media coverage—criticized colleges and universities for a lack of effort to control costs and restrain rising tuition, and for failing to focus on what their students actually learned. Mirroring changes in the K-12 sector initiated by the No Child Left behind Act of 2002 (see “No Child Left Behind” in this volume), the report called on the higher education community to take steps to measure and report student outcomes. It also called for a major expansion of the Pell Grant program and for the distribution of more financial aid to the neediest students.

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:10, 22 October 2017
Line 14:		Line 14:

	==== Janet M. Holdsworth ====		==== Janet M. Holdsworth ====
		+
		+	Last updated: 2006

	SEE ALSO: [[Education]]; [[Great Society]]; [[Johnson, Lyndon B.]]		SEE ALSO: [[Education]]; [[Great Society]]; [[Johnson, Lyndon B.]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-The Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA) was enacted during the Great Society. This initial legislation embodied the spirit of its times: to promote equal opportunity for underprivileged individuals. Since 1965, reauthorizations to this education legislation have occurred at least once per decade. The central focus of the HEA’s programs (and its subsequent amendments) has been to increase access and persistence in higher education. These major programs fall primarily into four categories: (1) student financial aid; (2) services to help students better prepare for, access, and succeed in education beyond high school; (3) aid to higher education institutions; and (4) aid to improve teacher training efforts in colleges and universities.
+The Higher Education Act of 1965 (HEA) was enacted during the Great Society, when the federal government simultaneously expanded its role in the K-12 sector with the passage of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. (See “ESEA” in this volume.) The HEA and the ESEA represented an unprecedented federal intervention into education, as both higher and K-12 education had historically been the domain of state policy.
 There are seven titles in the HEA that are up for reauthorization each time Congress amends the HEA: (1) Title I, General Provisions; (2) Title II, Teacher Quality Enhancement Grants; (3) Title III, Institutional Aid; (4) Title IV, Student Assistance; (5) Title V, Developing Institutions; (6) Title VI, International Education Programs; and (7) Title VII, Graduate and Postsecondary Improvement Programs. The nucleus of the HEA is the student aid programs that are authorized under Title IV including grant aid, loans, and work-study assistance. The Pell Grant program is the largest Title IV student aid program and is the largest governmental appropriation for students with need who want to pursue a higher education.
-Congress primarily implements incremental changes to the HEA rather than sweeping, comprehensive changes. These marginal adjustments in the administration and funding of HEA programs, however, potentially impact a large number of students and institutions. In the 1970s, for example, the federal government was urged to expand support to a broader range of students. In the 1980s, the federal government increased institution-level accountability measures for student loan default rates through the HEA. Important financial aid–related policy changes enacted in reauthorization efforts in the 1990s included, but were not limited to, higher limits on loan borrowing, expanded eligibility for student-loan programs that increased the number of middle- and upper-income borrowers, and a reduction in interest rates for borrowers.
+Historically, Congress has implemented incremental modifications to the HEA rather than sweeping, comprehensive changes. These marginal adjustments in the administration and funding of HEA programs, however, impact a large number of students and institutions. In the 1970s, for example, the federal government was urged to expand support to a broader range of students. In the 1980s, the federal government increased institution-level accountability measures for student loan default rates through the HEA. Important financial aid–related policy changes enacted in reauthorization efforts in the 1990s included, but were not limited to, higher limits on loan borrowing, expanded eligibility for student-loan programs that increased the number of middle- and upper-income borrowers, and a reduction in interest rates for borrowers.
-Each policy adjustment made in HEA reauthorizations triggers policy considerations for states and higher education institutions. The specific impact of even marginal adjustments to the HEA differs across states given their unique social, political, and economic contexts. If reauthorization trends of decreased federal government investment in need-based student grant aid and increased measures of accountability continue, states and institutions may face significant policy choices associated with funding postsecondary access and opportunities for disadvantaged students.
+The bipartisan 2008 reauthorization of HEA embraced many of these recommendations as it sought to push colleges to hold down tuition costs, simplify the federal financial aid application (FAFSA), and make achievement outcomes more transparent for students and parents. It also merged several existing teacher preparation grant programs into a single funding stream and called for expanded performance accountability for these programs and more collaboration between them and local school districts.
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
 | '''BIBLIOGRAPHY:'''
-James B. Stedman, ''The Higher Education Act: Reauthorization Status and Issues'' (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 2003); and Thomas R. Wolanin, ed., ''Reauthorizing the Higher Education Act: Issues and Options'' (Washington, DC: Institute for Higher Education Policy, 2003).
+Christopher P. Loss, Between Citizens and the State: The Politics of American Higher Education in the 20th Century (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2012); Suzanne Mettler, Degrees of Inequality: How the Politics of Higher Education Sabotaged the American Dream (New York: Basic Books, 2014); John R. Thelin, A History of American Higher Education (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004); “A Look Back at the Higher Education Act,” Forbes Magazine, December 3, 2014.
 |}
-==== Janet M. Holdsworth ====
+==== Patrick McGuinn, Drew University ====
-Last updated: 2006
+Last updated: February 2018
 SEE ALSO: [[Education]]; [[Great Society]]; [[Johnson, Lyndon B.]]