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		<id>http://encyclopedia.federalism.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Texas_v._White_%281869%29</id>
		<title>Texas v. White (1869) - Revision history</title>
		<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://encyclopedia.federalism.org/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Texas_v._White_%281869%29"/>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://encyclopedia.federalism.org/index.php?title=Texas_v._White_(1869)&amp;action=history"/>
		<updated>2026-04-28T23:47:08Z</updated>
		<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>http://encyclopedia.federalism.org/index.php?title=Texas_v._White_(1869)&amp;diff=2707&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Admin: Admin moved page Texas v. White to Texas v. White (1869)</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://encyclopedia.federalism.org/index.php?title=Texas_v._White_(1869)&amp;diff=2707&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2019-10-21T19:47:03Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Admin moved page &lt;a href=&quot;/index.php?title=Texas_v._White&quot; class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; title=&quot;Texas v. White&quot;&gt;Texas v. White&lt;/a&gt; to &lt;a href=&quot;/index.php?title=Texas_v._White_(1869)&quot; title=&quot;Texas v. White (1869)&quot;&gt;Texas v. White (1869)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='en'&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='1' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='1' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 19:47, 21 October 2019&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan='2' style='text-align: center;' lang='en'&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;mw-diff-empty&quot;&gt;(No difference)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Admin</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://encyclopedia.federalism.org/index.php?title=Texas_v._White_(1869)&amp;diff=2416&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Admin at 21:23, 10 May 2019</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://encyclopedia.federalism.org/index.php?title=Texas_v._White_(1869)&amp;diff=2416&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2019-05-10T21:23:51Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
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				&lt;tr style='vertical-align: top;' lang='en'&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 21:23, 10 May 2019&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot; &gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The case of ''Texas v. White'' (1869) is particularly important because in it the Supreme Court, speaking through Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, gave its judgment on the large issue that the Civil War had raised: could a state lawfully secede from the union? The Court sided with the victors in the war; secession, it held, was not constitutionally permissible. The Court appealed to the provision in the Articles of Confederation declaring the union to be “perpetual,” and to the preamble of the Constitution “ordaining” a “more perfect union.” “It is difficult,” Chase remarked, “to convey the idea of indissoluble unity more clearly than by these words. What can be indissoluble if a perpetual Union, made more perfect, is not?” Chase concluded, “The Constitution in all its provisions, looks to an indestructible Union, composed of indestructible states.” In so arguing, he was closely following President Abraham Lincoln’s argument about secession in his First Inaugural Address. Three dissenting justices, led by Justice Robert Grier, thought the Court’s analysis too formalistic. Whatever the legal merits of the case for secession, Texas, as a matter of fact, had been out of the Union. The case also had implications for the Reconstruction era during which it was decided, for in finding the states to be “indestructible,” the Court countered some of the more radical theories put forward during Reconstruction that the seceding states had, in effect, self-destructed, and thus could be treated by Congress in any way it chose. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The case of ''Texas v. White'' (1869) is particularly important because in it the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[U.S. &lt;/ins&gt;Supreme Court&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;|Supreme Court]]&lt;/ins&gt;, speaking through Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, gave its judgment on the large issue that the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;Civil War&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;had raised: could a state lawfully secede from the union? The Court sided with the victors in the war; secession, it held, was not constitutionally permissible. The Court appealed to the provision in the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;Articles of Confederation&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;declaring the union to be “perpetual,” and to the preamble of the &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[U.S. &lt;/ins&gt;Constitution&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;|Constitution]] &lt;/ins&gt;“ordaining” a “more perfect union.” “It is difficult,” Chase remarked, “to convey the idea of indissoluble unity more clearly than by these words. What can be indissoluble if a perpetual Union, made more perfect, is not?” Chase concluded, “The Constitution in all its provisions, looks to an indestructible Union, composed of indestructible states.” In so arguing, he was closely following President Abraham Lincoln’s argument about secession in his First Inaugural Address. Three dissenting justices, led by Justice Robert Grier, thought the Court’s analysis too formalistic. Whatever the legal merits of the case for secession, Texas, as a matter of fact, had been out of the Union. The case also had implications for the Reconstruction era during which it was decided, for in finding the states to be “indestructible,” the Court countered some of the more radical theories put forward during Reconstruction that the seceding states had, in effect, self-destructed, and thus could be treated by &lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[U.S. Congress|&lt;/ins&gt;Congress&lt;ins class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;in any way it chose. &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Admin</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://encyclopedia.federalism.org/index.php?title=Texas_v._White_(1869)&amp;diff=1374&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Morgannoel18 at 08:32, 28 October 2017</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://encyclopedia.federalism.org/index.php?title=Texas_v._White_(1869)&amp;diff=1374&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2017-10-28T08:32:12Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 08:32, 28 October 2017&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l8&quot; &gt;Line 8:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 8:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==== Michael Zuckert ====&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==== Michael Zuckert ====&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Last Updated: 2006&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;SEE ALSO: [[Civil War]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;SEE ALSO: [[Civil War]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Supreme Court Cases]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Category:Supreme Court Cases]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Morgannoel18</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://encyclopedia.federalism.org/index.php?title=Texas_v._White_(1869)&amp;diff=1040&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Admin at 20:17, 28 September 2017</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://encyclopedia.federalism.org/index.php?title=Texas_v._White_(1869)&amp;diff=1040&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2017-09-28T20:17:27Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class='diff-marker' /&gt;
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				&lt;col class='diff-content' /&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan='2' style=&quot;background-color: white; color:black; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 20:17, 28 September 2017&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l10&quot; &gt;Line 10:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 10:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;SEE ALSO: [[Civil War]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f9f9f9; color: #333333; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #e6e6e6; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;SEE ALSO: [[Civil War]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color:black; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:Supreme Court Cases]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Admin</name></author>	</entry>

	<entry>
		<id>http://encyclopedia.federalism.org/index.php?title=Texas_v._White_(1869)&amp;diff=611&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Nicole: Created page with &quot;The case of ''Texas v. White'' (1869) is particularly important because in it the Supreme Court, speaking through Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, gave its judgment on the large...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://encyclopedia.federalism.org/index.php?title=Texas_v._White_(1869)&amp;diff=611&amp;oldid=prev"/>
				<updated>2017-02-06T15:47:00Z</updated>
		
		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;The case of &amp;#039;&amp;#039;Texas v. White&amp;#039;&amp;#039; (1869) is particularly important because in it the Supreme Court, speaking through Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, gave its judgment on the large...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;The case of ''Texas v. White'' (1869) is particularly important because in it the Supreme Court, speaking through Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase, gave its judgment on the large issue that the Civil War had raised: could a state lawfully secede from the union? The Court sided with the victors in the war; secession, it held, was not constitutionally permissible. The Court appealed to the provision in the Articles of Confederation declaring the union to be “perpetual,” and to the preamble of the Constitution “ordaining” a “more perfect union.” “It is difficult,” Chase remarked, “to convey the idea of indissoluble unity more clearly than by these words. What can be indissoluble if a perpetual Union, made more perfect, is not?” Chase concluded, “The Constitution in all its provisions, looks to an indestructible Union, composed of indestructible states.” In so arguing, he was closely following President Abraham Lincoln’s argument about secession in his First Inaugural Address. Three dissenting justices, led by Justice Robert Grier, thought the Court’s analysis too formalistic. Whatever the legal merits of the case for secession, Texas, as a matter of fact, had been out of the Union. The case also had implications for the Reconstruction era during which it was decided, for in finding the states to be “indestructible,” the Court countered some of the more radical theories put forward during Reconstruction that the seceding states had, in effect, self-destructed, and thus could be treated by Congress in any way it chose. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| '''BIBLIOGRAPHY:''' &lt;br /&gt;
Herman Belz, ''Reconstructing the Union'' (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1969); Harry V. Jaffa, ''A New Birth of Freedom'' (Lanham, MD: Rowman &amp;amp; Littlefield, 2001); and Stanley Kutler, ''Judicial Power and Reconstruction Politics'' (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968).&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Michael Zuckert ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
SEE ALSO: [[Civil War]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Nicole</name></author>	</entry>

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