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• Elections
  ...gislatures did during the nation’s first few decades. Under the original constitutional plan, each state legislature also directly appointed the state’s two sena ...ranting Congress explicit enforcement authority. These amendments included provisions curtailing the states’ discretion to deny the franchise on the basis of r
  8 KB (1,107 words) - 19:04, 27 August 2018
• Electoral College
  The delegates to the [[Constitutional Convention of 1787|Constitutional Convention]] knew that they would need a special presidential election proc ...llocate these electors, although they obviously may not violate some other constitutional provision in the process. (A state could not, for instance, refuse to let w
  12 KB (1,847 words) - 22:42, 2 December 2020
• Extradition and Rendition
  ...itives from justice are returned by one nation to another nation under the provisions of a treaty, and rendition referred to the process between states in a conf ...with the Rendition Act of 1793 (1 Stat. 302) detailing the procedure. The constitutional provision refers only to states, but Congress included districts and territ
  8 KB (1,317 words) - 20:17, 5 October 2018
• Eleventh Amendment
  ...citizens of another state, the state argued that the federal courts lacked constitutional authority to hear any cases brought by private citizens against a state wit ...(1908), the Court ruled that the amendment does not bar suits for ongoing constitutional violations brought against state officials in their official capacities. ''
  19 KB (2,950 words) - 19:29, 27 August 2018
• Enumerated Powers of the U.S. Constitution
  [[Category:Constitutional Provisions]]
  8 KB (1,356 words) - 20:05, 27 August 2018
• Environmental Policy
  ...gulate environmental issues is derived from the [[U.S. Constitution]]. The constitutional authority for federal environmental policy has been grounded, primarily, in ...passed the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 U.S.C. 703–12) to implement the provisions of the treaty. Challenges to this new Act were upheld on the basis of the f
  15 KB (2,300 words) - 20:06, 27 August 2018
• Equal Protection of the Laws
  ...sprudence has been to determine when such distinctions are appropriate and constitutional. The primary articulation of this understanding is found in the [[Fourteent ...ermine when laws distinguishing between groups and classes of citizens are constitutional and when they are unconstitutional. One significant and continuing point of
  22 KB (3,332 words) - 23:19, 6 September 2018
• Equal Rights Amendment
  ...required 38 states (three-fourths of the states) needed for adoption of a constitutional amendment. The ERA read, “Equality of rights under the law shall not be d ...Congress shall have the power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.''
  6 KB (919 words) - 23:20, 6 September 2018
• Federal Courts
  Civil cases involving provisions of the U.S. Constitution and federal laws and treaties: jurisdiction over c ...the president to nominate members of the Supreme Court and, pursuant to a constitutional provision, Congress has directed that the president nominate district judge
  17 KB (2,657 words) - 21:31, 10 September 2018
• Federal-State Relations
  ...tical, and have varied from cordial to combative. This entry examines the constitutional clauses structuring the federal-state relationship, some of which are not v === THE CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ===
  25 KB (3,755 words) - 01:35, 15 September 2018
• Federalism Summit
  ...can [[federalism]] and to consider a set of administrative, statutory, and constitutional proposals to restore a better balance of power between the states and the f ...ions by, among other things, requiring members of Congress to identify the constitutional sources of their authority to legislate on specific subjects and giving sta
  5 KB (730 words) - 06:05, 13 September 2018
• The Federalist Papers
  ...y have played a significant role in the spread of federal, democratic, and constitutional governments around the world. ...pendence to whittle away federal powers, and defended the Constitution’s provisions for federal supremacy as a protection against such whittling away. Later it
  23 KB (3,503 words) - 21:08, 4 July 2018
• Fifteenth Amendment
  [[Category:Constitutional Provisions]]
  3 KB (492 words) - 22:57, 4 July 2018
• Frankfurter, Felix
  ...ounsel,” and the Eighth Amendment’s “cruel and unusual punishment” provisions to the states, thus protecting defendants’ rights, Frankfurter was much m ...position on federalism issues that continues to influence modern American constitutional law.
  8 KB (1,159 words) - 01:23, 5 July 2018
• Full Faith and Credit Clause: Article IV, Section 1
  ...the first provision of Article IV of the Constitution. The members of the Constitutional Convention adopted the Articles’ version of the Clause, but made two fund ...receive and treat out-of-state acts, records, and judgments. Both of these provisions reflect a blueprint for hierarchy in federal-state relations, whereby the s
  17 KB (2,661 words) - 01:35, 5 July 2018
• Guarantee Clause
  ...conceptions or open to contemporary approaches depends on the theory of constitutional interpretation adopted. The provision’s other two promises concretely des ...leventh [[Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions|Virginia Resolution]] at the [[Constitutional Convention of 1787]]. Edmund Randolph stated the resolution had “two obje
  16 KB (2,271 words) - 01:54, 5 July 2018
• Health Care Policy
  ...American federalism until the New Deal has generally been characterized as constitutional federalism or [[Dual Federalism|dual federalism]]. During this period, stat ...e secretary of health and human services to grant waivers from the act’s provisions for demonstration programs. These waivers allow wholesale modification of M
  26 KB (3,778 words) - 02:34, 5 July 2018
• Holmes v. Walton (1780)
  ...at the legislature, in passing the seizure law, had indeed overstepped its constitutional authority by altering the right of jury that the Constitution had previousl ...the founders would later adopt at the [[Constitutional Convention of 1787|Constitutional Convention in 1787]].
  3 KB (532 words) - 17:55, 21 October 2019
• Implied Powers of the U.S. Constitution
  ...ful. The law creating a national bank was within the power of Congress and constitutional, therefore, because the bank was convenient, as Hamilton had argued, for th [[Category:Constitutional Provisions]]
  4 KB (661 words) - 02:58, 5 July 2018
• Internal Improvements
  ...ederalism]] was whether the federal government has the [[U.S. Constitution|constitutional]] authority to develop economic infrastructure on the state and local level ...nt from funding internal improvements such as canals. Hamilton supported a constitutional amendment authorizing the federal government to fund and construct internal
  4 KB (590 words) - 01:15, 26 September 2018

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