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  • ...itician and political philosopher of [[U.S. Constitution|constitution]], [[federalism]], and [[Sovereignty|state sovereignty]], John Caldwell Calhoun (1782–185 ...leading eventually to “the dissolution of the Union itself.” When the new Tariff of 1832 provided for reduced tariff revenues but retained the approx
    10 KB (1,526 words) - 00:35, 17 July 2018
  • ...ecause few areas of American law and practice better illustrate American [[federalism]]. The death penalty in the United States is virtually entirely confined to ...tial numbers of executions between 1930 and 1965, with Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, and California joining six southern states (North Carolina, South Car
    20 KB (3,036 words) - 00:49, 17 July 2018
  • ...states. The ''Carter'' case is a good example of these competing views of federalism. ...orge Sutherland’s majority opinion in ''Carter'' advocated a strong dual federalism position. He emphasized that the states existed before the [[U.S. Constitut
    4 KB (551 words) - 08:37, 18 October 2019
  • ...es of New Federalism during the [[New Federalism (Nixon)|Nixon]] and [[New Federalism (Reagan)|Reagan]] administrations sought to consolidate dozens of categoric ...Grants]]; [[Crosscutting Requirements]]; [[Crossover Sanctions]]; [[Fiscal Federalism]]; [[Formula Grants]]; [[Grants-in-Aid]]; [[Project Grants]]; [[Rural Polic
    5 KB (767 words) - 04:00, 18 July 2018
  • ...d with perfect foresight. The necessities of war demanded new policies and new institutional arrangements, but the chaos and uncertainty of war blurred th ...Emancipation Proclamation. Though rarely framed in terms of its impact on federalism, Lincoln’s decision represented a significant shift in authority on one o
    20 KB (2,997 words) - 03:40, 25 July 2018
  • ...development of the early republic, and Clay impacted the development of [[federalism]] in two important policy areas, economic development and states’ rights. ...t a void in national leadership that contributed to the ultimate crisis of federalism in 1860.
    4 KB (537 words) - 03:41, 25 July 2018
  • Congress incorporated a system of “[[Cooperative Federalism|cooperative federalism]]” into the CZMA by encouraging coordination and cooperation between appr ...the performance of state management activities. Another amendment set up a new system of Resource Management Improvement Grants in 1980, which preserved c
    6 KB (803 words) - 03:41, 25 July 2018
  • ...alism|dual federalism]] that still operate in the federal system. Coercive federalism has ten significant characteristics. ...e unfunded mandate enactments, but did not eliminate standing mandates and new less costly mandates. According to the Congressional Budget Office, Congres
    8 KB (1,102 words) - 20:13, 23 July 2022
  • SEE ALSO: [[Abstention]]; [[Michigan v. Long]]; [[New Judicial Federalism]]; [[Younger v. Harris]]
    1 KB (199 words) - 08:00, 22 October 2017
  • ...hern majority to endanger slavery. The commercially weaker states, such as New Jersey, Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, and Georgia, all d ...to laissez-faire to a somewhat more socially oriented government, and as [[federalism]] itself changed, the challenge of defining the regulation of commerce in c
    32 KB (5,040 words) - 02:12, 18 June 2019
  • ...merce has been construed more broadly against and with less deference to [[federalism]] than its domestic analogue. ...olved. ''Zschernig v. Miller'' (1968) introduced this latter doctrine into federalism concerns. There, an Oregon inheritance law aimed at Communist countries pro
    9 KB (1,337 words) - 02:52, 12 July 2018
  • ...late them, especially under the [[Rehnquist, William|Rehnquist]] Court’s federalism jurisprudence, which has asserted the power of the Court over application o ...ity Press, 1992), 577–81; and Alex Tallchief Skibine, “The Dialogic of Federalism in Federal Indian Law and the Rehnquist Court: The Need for Coherence and I
    5 KB (708 words) - 02:49, 26 July 2018
  • ...e centerpieces of President Richard Nixon’s [[New Federalism (Nixon)|New Federalism]] reforms designed to decentralize decision-making responsibilities to stat ...uburban cities, and 165 urban counties. The largest grants were awarded to New York City ($207 million), Chicago ($95 million), and Los Angeles ($83 milli
    7 KB (992 words) - 03:40, 26 July 2018
  • ...stemming from President Richard Nixon’s “[[New Federalism (Nixon)|New Federalism]]” proposals. State and local labor market conditions varied greatly acro Accordingly, CETA represents both noble [[federalism]] intentions and compassion in assisting those truly needing job training a
    4 KB (503 words) - 04:02, 26 July 2018
  • ..., no. 1 (March 1989): 193; James L. Sundquist and David W. Davis, ''Making Federalism Work'' (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1969); and Craig Volden,... [[Category:Fiscal Federalism]]
    4 KB (643 words) - 04:24, 26 July 2018
  • ...relocated northern or western interests from percolating upward. However, new states were admitted to the Confederacy upon a two-thirds vote in the House ...cials and by the two-thirds vote of the House and Senate required to admit new states, free or slave, into the Confederacy.
    14 KB (2,086 words) - 03:16, 27 July 2018
  • ...roduced in American federalism have in turn revolutionized the practice of federalism worldwide. The Convention was the gathering of delegates from 12 of the new American states—Rhode Island never did participate—that wrote the [[U.S
    19 KB (2,995 words) - 04:16, 8 August 2018
  • ...important moment in Republicans’ continued efforts to implement a “New Federalism” by shrinking the national government and devolving discretion over myria ...nced a willingness to use the tactics of “[[Coercive Federalism|coercive federalism]]” whereby the national government withholds funding from states who fail
    4 KB (565 words) - 04:31, 8 August 2018
  • ...nts. This model can be contrasted with the model of [[Dual Federalism|dual federalism]], which maintains that the national and state governments have distinct an In general, cooperative federalism asserts that governmental power is not concentrated at any governmental lev
    5 KB (656 words) - 17:58, 13 August 2018
  • ...s in elections, finances, management, and major policy areas; overviews of federalism and state-local relations; and background information on each state. CSG pu ...zation. Four regional offices (Atlanta; Sacramento; Lombard, Illinois; and New York City) each support a legislative conference (southern, western, midwes
    4 KB (511 words) - 21:46, 3 July 2018

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