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• New Federalism (Nixon)
  ...[Johnson, Lyndon B.|Lyndon B. Johnson’s]] [[Creative Federalism|creative federalism]], the [[Nixon, Richard M.|Nixon]] administration sought to decentralize pr ...to use the money allocated for supplementing existing services, initiating new programs or reducing taxes. The Nixon administration also proposed creating
  2 KB (257 words) - 20:21, 27 November 2018
• New Federalism (Reagan)
  ...gress]] and [[Executive Orders|executive orders]] to implement many of his federalism reforms, but many more of his proposals failed after confronting practical ...Federalism|dual federalism]] more than the [[Creative Federalism|creative federalism]] of the previous decades.
  7 KB (1,034 words) - 00:46, 28 November 2018
• New Judicial Federalism
  See [[State Constitutional Rights Federalism]].
  47 bytes (5 words) - 22:53, 4 September 2020
• New Partnership Federalism
  ...rtnership Federalism was a subtype of [[Cooperative Federalism|cooperative federalism]] that focused heavily on the revitalization of urban communities. ...an regions, to help younger cities confront the challenges associated with new growth, and to deliver improved community services, housing, and job opport
  4 KB (523 words) - 01:08, 28 November 2018

Page text matches

• Abortion
  ...e Supreme Court via  ''Roe''  and its progeny violates the tenets of [[federalism]], and whether Congress, in issuing legislation governing abortion, violate ...th Control League founded in 1921 by Margaret Sanger, propelled 4 states—New York, Hawaii, Alaska, and Washington—to repeal their criminal abortion st
  22 KB (3,400 words) - 19:45, 6 July 2018
• Alphabetical List of Entries
  * [[Admission of New States]] * [[American Indians and Federalism]]
  16 KB (1,658 words) - 19:41, 23 July 2022
• Federalism in America: An Encyclopedia
  "'''Federalism''' and its kindred terms (e.g., 'federal') are used, most broadly, to descr (From the entry [[Federalism|"Federalism" by Daniel J. Elazar]])
  6 KB (911 words) - 16:40, 6 March 2018
• Abstention
  ...tate proceeding should be allowed to conclude as both a matter of “our [[federalism]]” and comity. Hence, both of the preceding concepts of the doctrine of a SEE ALSO: [[Comity]]; [[Michigan v. Long]]; [[New Judicial Federalism]]; [[Younger v. Harris]]
  1 KB (186 words) - 19:46, 6 July 2018
• Adams, John
  ...he founders who were serious students of politics, none wrote less about [[federalism]] than John Adams (1735–1826). In his major political treatise, the ''Def ...xpense of that of the states. Moreover, he suspected that in the long run, federalism would prove to be an aspiration rather than an institutional reality.
  5 KB (817 words) - 19:51, 6 July 2018
• Fourteenth Amendment
  The second section provides a new formula for representation in Congress to replace the three-fifths clause o ...cipation had been on the table before the war, the struggle had produced a new consensus that compensation was unmerited. Finally, Section 5 succinctly pr
  17 KB (2,624 words) - 23:17, 4 July 2018
• Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations
  ...ghway-program turnbacks, state constitutions, and constitutional issues of federalism. Another 194 information reports containing no recommendations, 23 public o ...g and spending. A popular annual volume was Significant Features of Fiscal Federalism, which presented data on changes in tax rates, trends in fiscal relationshi
  11 KB (1,520 words) - 22:41, 10 February 2022
• Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933
  ...to tax and spend. It, along with other New Deal programs, also signified a new responsibility of the federal government in promoting economic welfare. ...'Crisis in Agriculture: The Agricultural Adjustment Administration and the New Deal, 1933'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1969).
  4 KB (554 words) - 00:29, 11 July 2018
• Alien and Sedition Acts
  ...ited States’ former ally of the Revolution now seemed likely. With these new laws, Federalists would have the power to deport immigrants who were too pr ...invoke the countervailing force of the states, an early test of American [[federalism]].
  6 KB (859 words) - 20:05, 12 July 2018
• American Indians and Federalism
  A common definition of [[federalism]], contained in the majority of American government, state and local politi ...iewed as states, the placement of Indian nations within the U.S. system of federalism has been continuously changing and evolving.
  22 KB (3,370 words) - 23:12, 16 September 2021
• American System
  ...a glorious future. . . . [U]nder Clay’s solicitous care, this rebaptized federalism slowly won its way to the inner councils of government” (Schlesinger 1945 ...icago Press, 1979); Robert V. Remini, ''Andrew Jackson and the Bank War'' (New York: W.W. Norton, 1967); and Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., ''The Age of Jacks
  3 KB (425 words) - 20:44, 12 July 2018
• Anti-Federalists
  ...ed to replace the [[Articles of Confederation]]. After ratification of the new Constitution and after the Washington administration took office, the Anti- ...rrangement existing under the Articles of Confederation) that the proposed new national government would be granted.
  8 KB (1,117 words) - 18:28, 13 July 2018
• Articles of Confederation
  ...e Articles established in law several of the main provisions of American [[federalism]] retained and strengthened in the [[U.S. Constitution]] of 1787. ...sembled,” recognizing the completion of the ratification process and the new relationship among the states. As the ''Journal'' shows, the following days
  19 KB (2,844 words) - 22:56, 4 October 2021
• Baker v. Carr (1962)
  ...ns were typically underrepresented in state legislatures. For instance, in New Jersey in 1962, one rural senator represented 49,000 residents, while one u ...hicago Law Review'' 29, no. 4 (1962): 673-704; Franklin Sacha, “Excising Federalism: The Consequences of Baker v. Carr beyond the Electoral Arena,” ''Virgini
  4 KB (515 words) - 22:11, 16 October 2019
• Black, Hugo L.
  ...of the United States|Supreme Court]] in 1937. A strong supporter of the [[New Deal]] and an aggressive critic of big business, he was President [[Rooseve ...egislative apportionment, both of which had profound effects on American [[federalism]]. He wrote the opinion in ''Griffin v. County School Board of Prince Edwar
  3 KB (450 words) - 20:02, 16 July 2018
• Block Grants
  ...nd the dollar amount of federal grants tripled. The vast majority of these new grant programs were [[Categorical Grants|categorical grants]], which limite ...om Washington to the States and to the people.” Central to Nixon’s New Federalism was the enactment of General [[Revenue Sharing]] and six special revenue-sh
  8 KB (1,160 words) - 20:13, 16 July 2018
• Brandeis, Louis D.
  ...1993); and Philippa Strum, ''Louis D. Brandeis: Justice for the People'' (New York: Shocken Books, 1984).
  4 KB (583 words) - 23:59, 2 July 2018
• Brennan, William J., Jr.
  .... Supreme Court]] from 1956 to 1990, and during his tenure he influenced [[federalism]] in a number of important ways. He was a leading voice for the expansive r ...To that end, for Brennan federalism was never a goal unto itself; instead, federalism was a distribution of powers that must ebb and flow with the need to protec
  5 KB (825 words) - 20:21, 16 July 2018
• Burbank v. Lockheed Air Terminal (1973)
  ...Noise Regulation and the Future of Proprietary Restrictions Comment,” ''New York University Review of Law and Social Change'' 4, no. 1 (1974): 99–114
  2 KB (299 words) - 08:31, 18 October 2019
• Burger, Warren Earl
  ...Court, for example, upheld busing as a remedy for school segregation, gave new meaning to the [[Equal Protection of the Laws|Equal Protection Clause]] in Burger’s concern for [[federalism]] shows up in several areas. He attempted to limit the application of the [
  3 KB (481 words) - 00:26, 17 July 2018
• Calhoun, John C.
  ...itician and political philosopher of [[U.S. Constitution|constitution]], [[federalism]], and [[Sovereignty|state sovereignty]], John Caldwell Calhoun (1782–185 ...leading eventually to “the dissolution of the Union itself.” When the new Tariff of 1832 provided for reduced tariff revenues but retained the approx
  10 KB (1,526 words) - 00:35, 17 July 2018
• Capital Punishment
  ...ecause few areas of American law and practice better illustrate American [[federalism]]. The death penalty in the United States is virtually entirely confined to ...tial numbers of executions between 1930 and 1965, with Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, and California joining six southern states (North Carolina, South Car
  20 KB (3,036 words) - 00:49, 17 July 2018
• Carter v. Carter Coal Company (1936)
  ...states. The ''Carter'' case is a good example of these competing views of federalism. ...orge Sutherland’s majority opinion in ''Carter'' advocated a strong dual federalism position. He emphasized that the states existed before the [[U.S. Constitut
  4 KB (551 words) - 08:37, 18 October 2019
• Categorical Grants
  ...es of New Federalism during the [[New Federalism (Nixon)|Nixon]] and [[New Federalism (Reagan)|Reagan]] administrations sought to consolidate dozens of categoric ...Grants]]; [[Crosscutting Requirements]]; [[Crossover Sanctions]]; [[Fiscal Federalism]]; [[Formula Grants]]; [[Grants-in-Aid]]; [[Project Grants]]; [[Rural Polic
  5 KB (767 words) - 04:00, 18 July 2018
• Civil War
  ...d with perfect foresight. The necessities of war demanded new policies and new institutional arrangements, but the chaos and uncertainty of war blurred th ...Emancipation Proclamation. Though rarely framed in terms of its impact on federalism, Lincoln’s decision represented a significant shift in authority on one o
  20 KB (2,997 words) - 03:40, 25 July 2018
• Clay, Henry
  ...development of the early republic, and Clay impacted the development of [[federalism]] in two important policy areas, economic development and states’ rights. ...t a void in national leadership that contributed to the ultimate crisis of federalism in 1860.
  4 KB (537 words) - 03:41, 25 July 2018
• Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972
  Congress incorporated a system of “[[Cooperative Federalism|cooperative federalism]]” into the CZMA by encouraging coordination and cooperation between appr ...the performance of state management activities. Another amendment set up a new system of Resource Management Improvement Grants in 1980, which preserved c
  6 KB (803 words) - 03:41, 25 July 2018
• Coercive Federalism
  ...alism|dual federalism]] that still operate in the federal system. Coercive federalism has ten significant characteristics. ...e unfunded mandate enactments, but did not eliminate standing mandates and new less costly mandates. According to the Congressional Budget Office, Congres
  8 KB (1,102 words) - 20:13, 23 July 2022
• Comity
  SEE ALSO: [[Abstention]]; [[Michigan v. Long]]; [[New Judicial Federalism]]; [[Younger v. Harris]]
  1 KB (199 words) - 08:00, 22 October 2017
• Commerce among the States
  ...hern majority to endanger slavery. The commercially weaker states, such as New Jersey, Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, and Georgia, all d ...to laissez-faire to a somewhat more socially oriented government, and as [[federalism]] itself changed, the challenge of defining the regulation of commerce in c
  32 KB (5,040 words) - 02:12, 18 June 2019
• Commerce with Foreign Nations
  ...merce has been construed more broadly against and with less deference to [[federalism]] than its domestic analogue. ...olved. ''Zschernig v. Miller'' (1968) introduced this latter doctrine into federalism concerns. There, an Oregon inheritance law aimed at Communist countries pro
  9 KB (1,337 words) - 02:52, 12 July 2018
• Commerce with the Indian Tribes
  ...late them, especially under the [[Rehnquist, William|Rehnquist]] Court’s federalism jurisprudence, which has asserted the power of the Court over application o ...ity Press, 1992), 577–81; and Alex Tallchief Skibine, “The Dialogic of Federalism in Federal Indian Law and the Rehnquist Court: The Need for Coherence and I
  5 KB (708 words) - 02:49, 26 July 2018
• Community Development Block Grants
  ...e centerpieces of President Richard Nixon’s [[New Federalism (Nixon)|New Federalism]] reforms designed to decentralize decision-making responsibilities to stat ...uburban cities, and 165 urban counties. The largest grants were awarded to New York City ($207 million), Chicago ($95 million), and Los Angeles ($83 milli
  7 KB (992 words) - 03:40, 26 July 2018
• Comprehensive Employment and Training Act
  ...stemming from President Richard Nixon’s “[[New Federalism (Nixon)|New Federalism]]” proposals. State and local labor market conditions varied greatly acro Accordingly, CETA represents both noble [[federalism]] intentions and compassion in assisting those truly needing job training a
  4 KB (503 words) - 04:02, 26 July 2018
• Conditional Grants
  ..., no. 1 (March 1989): 193; James L. Sundquist and David W. Davis, ''Making Federalism Work'' (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1969); and Craig Volden,... [[Category:Fiscal Federalism]]
  4 KB (643 words) - 04:24, 26 July 2018
• Confederate States of America
  ...relocated northern or western interests from percolating upward. However, new states were admitted to the Confederacy upon a two-thirds vote in the House ...cials and by the two-thirds vote of the House and Senate required to admit new states, free or slave, into the Confederacy.
  14 KB (2,086 words) - 03:16, 27 July 2018
• Constitutional Convention of 1787
  ...roduced in American federalism have in turn revolutionized the practice of federalism worldwide. The Convention was the gathering of delegates from 12 of the new American states—Rhode Island never did participate—that wrote the [[U.S
  19 KB (2,995 words) - 04:16, 8 August 2018
• Contract with America
  ...important moment in Republicans’ continued efforts to implement a “New Federalism” by shrinking the national government and devolving discretion over myria ...nced a willingness to use the tactics of “[[Coercive Federalism|coercive federalism]]” whereby the national government withholds funding from states who fail
  4 KB (565 words) - 04:31, 8 August 2018
• Cooperative Federalism
  ...nts. This model can be contrasted with the model of [[Dual Federalism|dual federalism]], which maintains that the national and state governments have distinct an In general, cooperative federalism asserts that governmental power is not concentrated at any governmental lev
  5 KB (656 words) - 17:58, 13 August 2018
• Council of State Governments
  ...s in elections, finances, management, and major policy areas; overviews of federalism and state-local relations; and background information on each state. CSG pu ...zation. Four regional offices (Atlanta; Sacramento; Lombard, Illinois; and New York City) each support a legislative conference (southern, western, midwes
  4 KB (511 words) - 21:46, 3 July 2018
• Covenant
  ...inct from the legal claims and obligations of the parties involved. In the New England colonial context, covenant or foederal theology (foedus, Latin for ...ions of their pact. Several characteristics of covenanting emerge from the New England archetype: an emphasis on self-control as a part of self-rule, the
  4 KB (570 words) - 00:55, 17 July 2018
• Creative Federalism
  ...1960's, [[federalism]] went through a creative phase that saw a flurry of new programs and a greater linkage of the federal, state, and local governments Specifically, three key features of federalism emerged in the creative phase: a proliferation of [[Categorical Grants|cate
  8 KB (1,112 words) - 18:16, 13 August 2018
• Criminal Justice
  ...titutional monolith—fails to account for the basic structure of American federalism. ...rn such as piracy, counterfeiting, and international smuggling (see [[Dual Federalism]]).
  5 KB (798 words) - 22:13, 3 May 2018
• Crosscutting Requirements
  ...984), 7–11; and David B. Walker, ''The Rebirth of Federalism'', 2nd ed. (New York: Chatham House Publishers, 1999). ...Act of 1964]]; [[Crossover Sanctions]]; [[Environmental Policy]]; [[Fiscal Federalism]]; [[Pass through Requirements]]; [[Unfunded Mandates]]
  2 KB (230 words) - 01:27, 4 July 2018
• Crossover Sanctions
  ...tate’s highway construction funds if the state failed to comply with the new federal billboard control requirements. In the Emergency Highway Energy Con ...perative Federalism in the Twentieth Century,” ''Publius: The Journal of Federalism'' 31, no. 2 (Spring 2001): 15–30.
  2 KB (325 words) - 18:52, 13 August 2018
• Deregulation
  ...in some sectors, such as Uber, Lyft, and Airbnb has led both to calls for new types of regulation as well as for deregulation of more traditional competi A few general points about deregulation in the context of federalism are worth noting. First, deregulation illustrates the often-noted tendency
  8 KB (1,113 words) - 05:45, 17 August 2018
• Devolution
  .... Although Reagan convinced Congress to enact new block grants (i.e., nine new block grants in 1981), block grants again never accounted for more than 18 ...idency was deemed devolutionary by some observers because PRWORA created a new block grant, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), and allowed st
  9 KB (1,242 words) - 05:48, 17 August 2018
• Dual Federalism
  ...ority by the other. A government organized according to the theory of dual federalism is often compared to a layer cake where each layer represents a different l ...nclude responsibility for the public’s health, safety, and welfare. Dual federalism was the predominant theory for interpreting the Constitution from 1789 to 1
  8 KB (1,180 words) - 06:03, 17 August 2018
• Economic Development
  .... The role of economic development policy in the development of American [[federalism]] has always been inextricably linked to the process of urbanization and in ...ignificant periods of conflict during the period of [[Dual Federalism|dual federalism]]. The fundamental differences between Jeffersonians and Hamiltonians were
  12 KB (1,646 words) - 06:11, 17 August 2018
• Education
  Public education is a shared responsibility in American [[federalism]]. The system of educational governance facilitates a division of power and
  7 KB (1,045 words) - 06:29, 17 August 2018

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