Marble Cake Federalism - Revision history

Admin at 02:35, 12 October 2018

2018-10-12T02:35:48Z

Morgannoel18 at 08:11, 28 October 2017

2017-10-28T08:11:13Z

Admin at 13:32, 28 September 2017

2017-09-28T13:32:30Z

Nicole: Created page with "“Marble cake federalism” is a bakery metaphor often used to describe the model of cooperative federalism. This model of federalism holds that the local, state, and nationa..."

2017-01-31T18:21:38Z

Created page with "“Marble cake federalism” is a bakery metaphor often used to describe the model of cooperative federalism. This model of federalism holds that the local, state, and nationa..."

New page

“Marble cake federalism” is a bakery metaphor often used to describe the model of cooperative federalism. This model of federalism holds that the local, state, and national governments do not act in separate spheres, but instead have interrelated policy goals and administrative duties.

The metaphor originated in an early 1950s pamphlet authored by Joseph E. McLean. The concept was more fully developed by Morton Grodzins in ''Goals for Americans'', a book published in 1960 as an overview of ''The Report of the President’s Commission on National Goals''. In his chapter on the federal system, Grodzins noted, “The American form of government is often, but erroneously, symbolized by a three-layer cake. A far more accurate image is the rainbow or marble cake. . . . As colors are mixed in the marble cake, so functions are mixed in the American federal system.”

Although Grodzins believed that a system of dual federalism never existed in the United States, other theorists contend that marble cake federalism came into existence during the New Deal era of the 1930s. It was during this time that the Democratic majority was able to develop a variety of social welfare and public works programs. As these public policies were developed, the national, state, and local governments built administrative relationships to execute the programs.

Politically, the national government played a supporting role to the states and localities prior to the 1960s because the three levels of government had comparable goals. However, this changed during Lyndon B. Johnson’s presidential administration when the state and local governments often held goals that conflicted with the national government’s civil rights agenda.

From a public administration standpoint, the model of marble cake federalism leads to the development of more efficient government programs. Because each type of government has its own constituency, different interests and perspectives become involved in the policy process. In addition, when state and local interests are represented in congressional hearings, their needs and concerns are taken into account when legislation is passed and the guidelines for grants-in-aid are developed.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| '''BIBLIOGRAPHY:'''
Morton Grodzins, “The Federal System,” in ''Goals for Americans'' (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1960); Paul E. Peterson, ''The Price of Federalism'' (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1995); and Deil S. Wright, “Policy Shifts in the Politics and Administration of Intergovernmental Relations, 1930s–1990s,” ''Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science'' 509 (May 1990): 11–30.
|}

==== Mary Hallock Morris ====

SEE ALSO: [[Cooperative Federalism]]; [[Layer Cake Federalism]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:32, 28 September 2017
Line 18:		Line 18:

	SEE ALSO: [[Cooperative Federalism]]; [[Layer Cake Federalism]]		SEE ALSO: [[Cooperative Federalism]]; [[Layer Cake Federalism]]
		+
		+	[[Category:Models and Theories of Federalism]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-“Marble cake federalism” is a bakery metaphor often used to describe the model of cooperative federalism. This model of federalism holds that the local, state, and national governments do not act in separate spheres, but instead have interrelated policy goals and administrative duties.
+“Marble cake federalism” is a bakery metaphor often used to describe the model of [[Cooperative Federalism|cooperative federalism]]. This model of [[federalism]] holds that the local, state, and national governments do not act in separate spheres, but instead have [[Intergovernmental Relations|interrelated]] policy goals and administrative duties.
-The metaphor originated in an early 1950s pamphlet authored by Joseph E. McLean. The concept was more fully developed by Morton Grodzins in ''Goals for Americans'', a book published in 1960 as an overview of ''The Report of the President’s Commission on National Goals''. In his chapter on the federal system, Grodzins noted, “The American form of government is often, but erroneously, symbolized by a three-layer cake. A far more accurate image is the rainbow or marble cake. . . . As colors are mixed in the marble cake, so functions are mixed in the American federal system.”
+The metaphor originated in an early 1950's pamphlet authored by Joseph E. McLean. The concept was more fully developed by Morton Grodzins in ''Goals for Americans'', a book published in 1960 as an overview of ''The Report of the President’s Commission on National Goals''. In his chapter on the federal system, Grodzins noted, “The American form of government is often, but erroneously, symbolized by a three-layer cake. A far more accurate image is the rainbow or marble cake. . . . As colors are mixed in the marble cake, so functions are mixed in the American federal system.”
-Although Grodzins believed that a system of dual federalism never existed in the United States, other theorists contend that marble cake federalism came into existence during the New Deal era of the 1930s. It was during this time that the Democratic majority was able to develop a variety of social welfare and public works programs. As these public policies were developed, the national, state, and local governments built administrative relationships to execute the programs.
+Although Grodzins believed that a system of [[Dual Federalism|dual federalism]] never existed in the United States, other theorists contend that marble cake federalism came into existence during the New Deal era of the 1930's. It was during this time that the Democratic majority was able to develop a variety of social welfare and public works programs. As these public policies were developed, the national, state, and local governments built administrative relationships to execute the programs.
-Politically, the national government played a supporting role to the states and localities prior to the 1960s because the three levels of government had comparable goals. However, this changed during Lyndon B. Johnson’s presidential administration when the state and local governments often held goals that conflicted with the national government’s civil rights agenda.
+Politically, the national government played a supporting role to the states and localities prior to the 1960's because the three levels of government had comparable goals. However, this changed during [[Johnson, Lyndon B.|Lyndon B. Johnson’s]] presidential administration when the state and local governments often held goals that conflicted with the national government’s [[Civil Rights|civil rights]] agenda.
 From a public administration standpoint, the model of marble cake federalism leads to the development of more efficient government programs. Because each type of government has its own constituency, different interests and perspectives become involved in the policy process. In addition, when state and local interests are represented in congressional hearings, their needs and concerns are taken into account when legislation is passed and the guidelines for grants-in-aid are developed.

@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 ==== Mary Hallock Morris ====
 SEE ALSO: [[Cooperative Federalism]]; [[Layer Cake Federalism]]
 [[Category:Models and Theories of Federalism]]