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• Fourteenth Amendment
  ...rom depriving persons of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, or from denying to persons within their jurisdiction the equal protection ...ent mechanisms and provided penalties for those who, acting under color of law, violated its provisions. The Civil Rights Act passed Congress in March 186
  17 KB (2,624 words) - 23:17, 4 July 2018
• Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations
  ...policy, substate and multistate regionalism, metropolitan governance, law enforcement and criminal justice administration, transportation, citizen participation,
  11 KB (1,520 words) - 22:41, 10 February 2022
• Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967
  ...legislation applied, age limits, exclusions and exemptions, penalties, and enforcement. ...early sixty-five years. In 1903, Colorado was the first state to enact any law banning AD; employees aged 18–60 could not be fired due to their age by a
  11 KB (1,618 words) - 22:10, 6 August 2019
• Articles of Confederation
  ...to continental governance after independence, the Articles established in law several of the main provisions of American [[federalism]] retained and stre ...its debtors. As Hamilton noted in ''The Federalist'' No. 9, a body without enforcement powers could not function effectively as a government. The resulting “gov
  19 KB (2,844 words) - 22:56, 4 October 2021
• Block Grants
  ...of education, transportation, community development, job training, and law enforcement. General Revenue Sharing was enacted in 1972, and block grants for job trai
  8 KB (1,160 words) - 20:13, 16 July 2018
• Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
  ..., establish black citizenship and the equal treatment of people before the law ([[Fourteenth Amendment]]), and provide equal voting rights for men of diff ...ed on in part by the withdrawal of federal troops and federal civil rights enforcement from the South, southern states toward the end of the nineteenth century be
  15 KB (2,308 words) - 08:29, 18 October 2019
• Civil Rights Act of 1964
  ...ruction]] following the American Civil War. Composed of eleven titles, the law desegregated public accommodations, authorized the federal government to su ...edged full enforcement, and his landslide victory gave impetus to vigorous enforcement of the bill’s provisions by his administration.
  4 KB (539 words) - 02:29, 25 July 2018
• Commerce with the Indian Tribes
  ...commerce, including a dormant component and the capacity to preempt state law even in the absence of congressional legislation, then assumed greater impo ...e with the right to rule themselves within the larger framework of federal law, free from interference from the states. Over the years there have been num
  5 KB (708 words) - 02:49, 26 July 2018
• Compromise of 1850
  ...gitive slaves’ right to a jury trial, and set up a new system of federal enforcement. Finally, the slave trade in Washington, D.C., was abolished. ...gainst any expansion of slavery, claiming it was prohibited by a “higher law than the Constitution.” Conversely, [[Calhoun, John C.|John C. Calhoun]]
  2 KB (386 words) - 04:03, 26 July 2018
• Councils of Governments
  ...in public administration, civil engineering, economics, sociology, and law enforcement planning. A significant amount of staff time is spent on developing regiona ...ing, involving economic development, highways and mass transportation, law enforcement, air and water pollution, sewers, solid waste and water, and open space and
  19 KB (2,754 words) - 18:04, 13 August 2018
• Covenant
  ...ly on the efforts of the covenanting parties themselves for monitoring and enforcement. In this way, covenants differ from the related concepts of contract and co ...cations of an agreement, realizing the spirit as well as the letter of the law in their daily activities. The covenantal emphasis on voluntarism rendered
  4 KB (570 words) - 00:55, 17 July 2018
• Criminal Justice
  ...d local governments restricted police participation in federal immigration enforcement activity. ...12); Trevor Gardner, “Immigrant Sanctuary as the Old Normal,” Columbia Law Review (2018); Printz v. United States, 521 U.S. 898, 935 (1997); Lopez v U
  5 KB (798 words) - 22:13, 3 May 2018
• Crosby v. National Foreign Trade Council (2000)
  ...at it violated the dormant Foreign Commerce Clause, and (3) that the state law was preempted by sanctions on Burma enacted at the federal level three mont ...Union before the World Trade Organization), the Court found that the state law thwarted Congress’s intent for the nation to speak with “one voice” o
  6 KB (888 words) - 08:57, 18 October 2019
• Elections
  ...in congressional elections is controlled not by federal law, but by state law. Article II, Section 1, authorizes states to determine eligibility to vote ...congressional elections are to be regulated in the first instance by state law. Although Article I, Section 4, also authorizes [[U.S. Congress|Congress]]
  8 KB (1,107 words) - 19:04, 27 August 2018
• Extradition and Rendition
  ...d ministerial, and (4) the fugitive may exercise his or her due process of law right to appeal. Neither the constitutional clause nor the act refers to enforcement, although the duty imposed upon the asylum state governor appears to be man
  8 KB (1,317 words) - 20:17, 5 October 2018
• Eleventh Amendment
  ...power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citi ...power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citi
  19 KB (2,950 words) - 19:29, 27 August 2018
• Environmental Policy
  ...onstitutional as the federal statute encroached on state authority. Common law had always held that the power to regulate the taking of wildlife belonged ...is. This includes standard setting, but also extends to the monitoring and enforcement of standards. The expenditures for many of the technical aspects of environ
  15 KB (2,300 words) - 20:06, 27 August 2018
• Equal Protection of the Laws
  ...equal protection for citizens and the special role the courts play in its enforcement: ...bitrary and unreasonable government than to require that the principles of law which officials would impose upon a minority must be imposed generally. Con
  22 KB (3,332 words) - 23:19, 6 September 2018
• Federal-Local Relations
  ...make this point. The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) was signed into law with great fanfare in 1990. It prohibits discrimination against persons wit ...ter runoff must be contained, and sewage must be treated—and most of the enforcement and treatment are done by local governments. During the 1970's, Congress ma
  22 KB (3,235 words) - 20:52, 4 July 2018
• Federal-State Relations
  ...nments, even if the state government had been accused of violating federal law. However, the Court has not been consistent in that view. It was willing to ...t also prohibits the states from denying anyone equal protection under the law. These provisions have been the subject of numerous controversies. The Fift
  25 KB (3,755 words) - 01:35, 15 September 2018

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